Accordingto legend, the name of Surabaya city, derived from a combination of the words Sura which is the name of a large shark and Baya which is the name of a large crocodile that fights on the coast of Surabaya. It was made a statue of Sura and Baya, this statue is a symbol of the city of Surabaya. Asal usul Surabaya bahasa jawa – Halo sabat mudahdicari, kali ini mari kita membahas tentang asal usul Kota Surabya, pada penasaran kan secara Kota Surabaya adalah ibukota Provinsi Jawa Timur yang dikenal dengan Kota Pahlawan. Dari kisah Surabaya, memiliki banyak versi mulai dari sejarahnya, sampai cerita mitosnya Kota Surabaya. Nah, disini penulis akan membuat cerita Surabaya dari cerita mitosnya, mulai dari mnaskah drama, unsur intrinsik dan ekstrinsik, dan ceritanya dinamakan Surabaya menggunakan bahasa jawa. Seimak selengkapnya dibawah ini 🙂 Baca juga Kumpulan cerita rakyat bahasa jawa, terlengkap Contents 1 Asal Usul Kota Asal Usul Surabaya Bahasa Sura Hiu dan Baya Buaya Membuat Sura Iwak Hiu Melanggar Terjadinya Nama Surabaya2 Unsur Intrinsik Asal Usul Surabaya Bahasa Jawa3 Penutup – Asal Usul Surabaya Bahasa Jawa By Kota Surabaya adalah sebuah kota yang terletak di negara Indonesia, Pulau Jawa, lebih tepatnya di Jawa Timur dan sekaligus ibukota Provinsi Jawa Timur, yang terkenal sebagai “Kota Pahlawan”. Pada umumnya masyarakat Kota Surabya menyebutkan, bahwa asal usul Kota Surabaya adalah dari kata Sura ing Baya, Sura yang berarti berani dan Baya yang berarti mara bahaya, jadi artinya adalah “Berani dalam menghadapi marabhaya tantangan”. Namun ada yang mengatakan bahwa asal usul surabaya itu, berasal dari perkelahian antara sura ikan hiu dan baya buaya, yang sama-sama kuatnnya, tepatnya di Laut Jawa. Berikut asal usul Surabaya bahasa jawa, menurut versi mitos, yang dapat penulis sampaikan. Baca juga Legenda ande ande lumut dalam bahasa jawa, terlengkap dengan teks drama dan unsur intrinsik dan ekstrinsiknya. Asal Usul Surabaya Bahasa Jawa Ing jaman biyen, teng lautan Pulau Jawa nuli kedadean tukaran antarane iwak sura hiyu dan baya boyo, hal meniko amergi antarane lautan kalian kali sungai niku jejeran. Sura niku iwak hiu ingkang ageng lan kuat, Sura lan Baya sami-sami kuat, cerdik, rakus, lan sami-sami gamase. Ing setunggaling dinten, Sura keliling ing lautan, badhe pados mangsa, ananging Sura sampun waleh kalian mangsane, amergi kirang mareki. Akhire Sura gadah ide pados mangsa ing kali sungai. Bajur Sura pados mangsa dedepi lan mlumpat ing darat, dame mangsa kidang, kethek lan sak liane. Ngoteniku Sura lakoni sabendino, mumpung dereng konangan kalian Boyo. Suwe-suwe Boyo nikuwau, gumun ngpo kok mangsane niku soyo suwe soyo sekedik. Banjur Boyo, ndedepi, sopo seng wus wani ing daerahe lan sampun mangani mangsa-mangsane. Ing setunggaling dinten, Boyo mpun siap-siap ndedep ing mburine watu gede, lan Sura ndedep-ndedep ing jero banyu, Suro mikir menawi mboten enten Boyo, lan akhire Sura mlumpat lan mangsa kethek. Banjur Boyo medal, akhire Sura konangan. Hal meniko ndadekne musuhan lagelut antarane Sura Lanbaya. Sue-sue kewan 2 ikumau kesel, amergi mboten enteng sing menang lan mboten enten singklalah, amer loro-lorone podo-podo kuat. Sura Hiu dan Baya Buaya Membuat Perjanjian By Akhire amergi podo kesele lan mboten enten seng menang, kewan loro mau damel perjanjian. “Wes, Sura aku kesel gelut terus” ucape Boyo ” Iya Boyo aku yo kesel, gelut terus ” Ucape si Sura. Banjur Boyo matur, piye carane ben ora ono tukaran lan rebutan kekuasaan malih, akhire si Boyo gadah ide. ” Kanggo nyegah tukarane awake dewe, piye nek dibagiae daerak kekuasaan iki, aku neng daerah kali iki, lan pangananku seng neng darat iku, Bnajur awakmu Sura, bagianmu ing lau iku, lan pangananmu kabeh seng ono ing jero laut”. ” Oh, iya sura aku setuju karo awakmu”. Amergi enten pembagian niki antarane Sura lan Baya mboten enten selisih, lan uripipun podo-podo enake, lan sepakat damel ngehormati wilayahe dewe-dewe. Sura namung mubeng ing jerone segoro, lan pados mangsa seng enten ing segoro. Baya ngging ngoten, uripe kepinak mboten enten sing ngganggu lan mangsane mboten kelong. Sue-sue Sura kapingn mangan kidang lan ketek, koyo mbiyen maneh, amergi mangsane sing saiki mboten mareki, lan kirang angeng. Akhire Sura iwak hiu niku pados mangsa ing kali kanti meneng-meneng ojo nganti ngerti Boyo. Sura mbaleni maneh sabendina golek panganan ing darat lan dibeto teng laut. Boyo ngroso enten sing aneh, amergi mangsane saya kelong, Boyo langsung mikir menawi niku perbuatane si Sura. Akhire boyo pados akal damel jebak Sura. Boyo, nyokot sikile kidang kersane mboten saget mlampah, banjur didekekne ing pinggir kalin lan Boyo ndelik ing burine watu. Sura koyo biasane dhekwene nededep-ndedep mengintai ing jero banyu, kepasan ono kidang ing pinggir kali. Sura wau langsung mangsa kidang lan dibeto teng laut. Sura Iwak Hiu Melanggar Perjanjian By Boyo sing ngerteni kelakuanne Iwak Hiyu Sura wau langsung nesu lan ngadep Sura, amergi wes nglanggar janjine. “Hei…..Suro ngopo kok awakmu nglanggar perjanjiane awakedhewe ? Awakmu kok wani-wanine neng daerah kekuasaanku ?” Pitakone Boyo kanti nesu. ” Nglanggar ? Kan kali iki ya enek banyune, aku kae kan wes ngomong nek aku iki penguasa banyu ? Kali iki kan enek banyune dadi ya daerah kekuasaanku barang”. Jawape Sura, kanti due roso salah. “Kali kuikan nggon pinggiran, daerah kekuasaanmu iku ya neng segoro”. Jawabe Boyo wegah kalah. Nanging Ikan Hiu Sura tetep ngeyel ” Ora iso, soale aku ora ngomong nek banyu iku oramung segoro tapi yao kali”. “Wah…Kowe ngajak geger sura?”. “Ora, prosoku jawabanku bener lan masuk akal?”. ” Awakmu sengojo ngakali akau, aku ora bodo koyo seng mbok pikir”. Jawab baya kanti nesu. ” Aku ora gagas awakmu pinter opo ora, sing penting bayu segoro karo banu kali iku daerah kekuasaanku”. Jawabe Ikan Hiu Sura, kanti enteng. “Oh, nek ngono awakmu, due maksud ngapusi aku, iwak neng segoro kae ya akeh”. “Nek, pancen awakmu kepingn, aku ora nglarang awakmu golek iwak neng segoro”. Si Buaya tambah nesu lan brongoten ngrasakne Sura “. Aku oraiso mangan iwak, lan akau orabiso kenek banyu segoro ! Nek ngunu perjanjiane awake dewe batal, sopo seng paling apik gelute, lan sopo seng menang, iya iku seng dadi penguasa tunggale”. “Sopo seng wedi, ayo tukaran maneh”. Jawape Iwak Hiyu Sura, kanti nglawan. Terjadinya Nama Surabaya By Akhire pertarungan antarane iwak hiu sura lan baya dibaleni malih, ananging tukarane sing niki tambah nemen, seru, lan dahsyat nganti-nganti gak enek sing wani nyedeki area pertarungan niku. Ing pertarungan niku, podo-podo nyakiti, cokot-cokotan lan jotos-jotosan. Akhire ndadekne banyu ing daerah niku warnane abang amergi kenek getihe Sura lan Baya sangking luka keloro kewan iku. Kewan Iwak Hiu Sura lan Baya nikuwau gelot mboten leren-leren. Sangking pertarungan nikuwau Baya nyokot buntute Baya nganti ameh pedot lan Sura angsal buntute Baya nganti buntute Baya nikuwau bengkong. Akhire Sura mbalek ing segara, lan Baya puas amergi sampun ngaselne daerahe. Sura mboten saget teng punsdi-pundi amergi buntute sampun kelaran. Ing certa liya dikabarne nek Sura kalian Baya nikiwau mati amergi luka songko dhekwene tukaran. Sangking pertarungan anatara Iwak Hiu Sura lan Baya niku dadeake masrakat berkesan, sing akhire didadekne jeneng kutha Surabaya, lan didadekne labang Kota Madya Surabaya nggih menika gambar Iwak Sura lan Baya. Ing jaman sakniki, pertarungan ngerebutne wilayah pinggiran lan banyu mesti kedadean. Ing musim ketiga ngampi kadang panggen bendungan banyu dadi daratan garing nggih menika Surabaya, nanging ing musim rendeng kadang teko banjir niku nguasai Kota Surabaya. Unsur Intrinsik Asal Usul Surabaya Bahasa Jawa Berikut unsur intrinsik dan ekstrinsik yang terkandung dalam legenda kota surabaya bahasa jwa Tema Pertarungan anatara Ikian Hiu Sura dan Buaya Alur Alur maju Latar tempat Di sungai dan di laut Latar waktu Siang dan pagi hari Latar suasana menegangkan Tokoh dan penokohan Ikan Hiu Sura Rakus, pembohong, egois Buaya egois Sudutpandang Orang pertama dan kedua Amanat asal usul Surabaya bahasa jawa Hendaknya jika ada masalh diselesaikan dengan baik-baik dan dengan kepala dingin, karena jika diselesaikan dengan permusuhan akan menambah permasalahan yang baru. Unsur Ekstrinsik Asal Usul Surabaya Bahasa jawa Unsur budaya, sejarah dan moral. Penutup – Asal Usul Surabaya Bahasa Jawa Semoga Artikel ini dapat menjadi bahan referensi yang baik untuk Anda, dan dapat membantu menyelesaikan tugas-tugas Anda. Mohon maaf jika ada kesalahan dalam penulisan artikel asal usul nama surabaya dalam bahasa jawa. Selamat berkativitas kembali 🙂 ViewThe Origin of Surabaya from East Java (Group 4).docx from AA 1The Origin of Surabaya from East Java A long time ago, in the river there was a fight between Sharks (sura) and Crocodiles (baya).
Where does the origin of Surabaya come from? It's comes from Sura and BayaAccording to folklore in East Java, the name of the city of Surabaya, the capital city of East Java Province, comes from a combination of the words Sura which is the name of a large shark, and Baya which is the name of a large crocodile. Here's a brief history of the origin of the name Surabaya. Once upon a time, in ancient times, there lived a large crocodile named Baya. He has mortal enemies of a large shark named Sura. Almost every day both of them fight. Because both are strong, tough, and agile, no one wins or loses. If both of them are fighting, the waters around it will become big and cloudy. The animals that live around them are disturbed. Other animals try to reconcile both. But Sura and Baya continue to be hostile. Hostility Between Sura and Baya Up to a certain point, both of them felt exhausted by the hostility. Finally, Sura and Baya agreed to stop their hostility, at least for a while. "Baya, I'm getting tired of our hostility. Almost every day we fight. No one wins or loses. What if we divide the territory to stop our hostility? "Sura said to Baya. "Okay. I'm also tired of all our fights. What are the rules for dividing this territory? "Asked Baya. "Our territorial boundaries are the areas where the water reaches it at high tide. I control the waters while you control the land. All prey on the sea is my part, so all the prey on land are your part, "said Sura. "Fair enough. Okay, then I agree. "Baya said. Finally, an agreement was reached between the two. They no longer fought over the territory. Each one controls his domain. But unfortunately, the peace between the two did not last long. Sura began to violate the rules he submitted himself. He not only sought food in his territory at sea, but he also sought prey in the area of ​​Baya's territory, namely in the river. He did it secretly so that it was not known by Baya. But gradually Baya began to know the fraud of the Sura. One day Baya saw Sura looking for prey in his territory in the river. Angrily, Baya approached Sura and then scolded him. "Hi, Sura! Why are you cheating on prey in my territory? Are you not the one who rules the territory? "Baya said angrily. Sura does not seem to want to admit to cheating. He said that he did not violate the agreement. "What did you say Baya? Did I violate the agreement? I'm not breaking your territory. I told you, if I control the territorial waters, you control the land. So what's wrong if I'm looking for prey on the river? ' said Sura. Baya feels Sura is just looking for excuses. "Hi, Sura! You're just looking for excuses to be able to find prey in my territory. Now the agreement between us is over because you violated it. Let's fight! Who wins then becomes a ruler both on land and in the waters! ”Baya challenged Sura. "Well let's fight to determine who is the strongest among us," Sura shouted. The Great Battle of Sura and Baya The two of them finally returned to a great fight. Both of them bit each other's bodies with their pointed teeth. Sura bit Baya's tail, while Baya also bit Sura's tail to almost break up. Sura feels pain because her tail is almost broken by the bite of Sura. Sura does have very sharp teeth. Because he could not stand, finally Sura swam back to the sea. The Sura Tail always turns left because of Baya's bite. While Baya's tail was seriously injured by Sura's bite. But Baya was happy because he felt he had won the match. Sura has returned to the sea because her tail was badly injured. Sura and Baya become the origin of the name Surabaya The fights between Sura and Baya are witnessed by people around. The people were amazed by the enormity of the fight. Finally, the people in the area gave the name of the place they lived in with the name Sura and Baya, namely Surabaya. That's according to folklore about the origin of the name Surabaya. Until now Surabaya became the capital of East Java Province.
Temukanpromo tiket terbaik dari Kolkata (CCU) ke Skellefteü (SFT). Bandingkan harga dari ratusan agen perjalanan dan maskapai terkemuka di satu pencarian. The Origin of Surabaya East Java0% found this document useful 0 votes16 views4 pagesDescriptiontext narrativeOriginal Title1. Narrative textCopyrightŠ Š All Rights ReservedShare this documentDid you find this document useful?0% found this document useful 0 votes16 views4 pagesThe Origin of Surabaya East JavaOriginal Title1. Narrative textJump to Page You are on page 1of 4 You're Reading a Free Preview Page 3 is not shown in this preview. Reward Your CuriosityEverything you want to Anywhere. Any Commitment. Cancel anytime.
Surabaya from the Javanese " sura ing baya ", means "bravely facing danger"; [18] originally from the union of Pali words "sura", referring to the " Asura " ( Buddhism beliefs), and "bhaya", referring to "fear", "perils" or "danger".
Hello Sobat Ilyas! Surabaya, the second-largest city in Indonesia, has a rich history and cultural heritage that dates back centuries. This article will take you on a journey through time to explore the origin of the city of Surabaya. Surabaya’s name is believed to have originated from the words “sura” and “baya,” which mean “shark” and “crocodile,” respectively. These two animals once inhabited the area around the city’s harbor, which was a popular trading port for traders from China, India, and the Middle East. During the 13th century, the city of Surabaya was a small fishing village. However, as trade began to flourish, the village grew into a thriving trading center. The city’s strategic location on the Brantas River and the Java Sea made it an important hub for trade between China, India, and the Middle East. Throughout its history, Surabaya has been shaped by various cultural influences, including Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic traditions. In the 15th century, the city was ruled by the Majapahit Empire, which was one of the most powerful empires in Southeast Asia at the time. During the 16th century, the Portuguese arrived in Surabaya and established a trading post. However, they were eventually expelled by the Dutch, who went on to colonize Indonesia for over 300 years. Under Dutch colonial rule, Surabaya continued to thrive as a major trading center. The city’s economy was fueled by the export of coffee, sugar, and tobacco, which were grown on the surrounding plantations. During World War II, Surabaya became a battleground as the Indonesian National Revolution began. The city was occupied by the Japanese for three years before being liberated by the Allied Forces in 1945. After Indonesia gained independence in 1949, Surabaya continued to grow and develop. The city became an important industrial center, with factories producing textiles, electronics, and automotive parts. Today, Surabaya is a bustling metropolis with a population of over 3 million people. The city is home to numerous cultural and historical landmarks, including the Suramadu Bridge, the House of Sampoerna, and the Heroes Monument. Surabaya is also known for its vibrant culinary scene, with local specialties such as soto ayam, rawon, and lontong balap. In conclusion, the city of Surabaya has a rich and fascinating history that spans centuries. From its humble beginnings as a small fishing village to its status as a major trading center and modern metropolis, Surabaya has played an important role in the development of Indonesia and Southeast Asia as a whole. Sampai Jumpa Kembali di Artikel Menarik Lainnya! Videoini dapat digunakan sebagai media storytelling Narrative Text pelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk level apapun. Semoga bermanfaat! Follow my instagram:Lina
You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Origins of Surabaya - interactive children's stories complete with games by EDUCA SISFOMEDIA INDONESIA, CV What is it about? Origins of Surabaya - interactive children's stories complete with games! App Details Last updated October 9, 2019 Release date October 9, 2019 App Screenshots App Store Description Origins of Surabaya - interactive children's stories complete with games!Riri - Origins of Surabaya was taken from a fairy tale from one of the big cities in Indonesia, Surabaya children can read books in an interactive, attractive graphic, complete with educational A unique interactive reading experience• Games and activities embedded in the story• 3D tale with talking characters• High quality illustrated content• Professional voice-over• For children aged from 3 to 8 years oldPlease SHARE YOUR REVIEW below. It means a lot to us!For any technical issues, please email us at support Disclaimer AppAdvice does not own this application and only provides images and links contained in the iTunes Search API, to help our users find the best apps to download. If you are the developer of this app and would like your information removed, please send a request to takedown and your information will be removed.
theorigin of Surabaya DRAFT. 15 hours ago by. henisafitri47_31049. 12th grade . English. Played 2 times. 0 likes. 58% average accuracy. 0. Save. Edit. Edit. Print; Share; Edit; Delete; Report an issue; Live modes. Start a live quiz . Classic . Students progress at their own pace and you see a leaderboard and live results.
Surabaya has a population of 2,813,847 inhabitants 2014. The Surabaya area covers the Gerbangkertosusila metropolitan area with a population of nearly 10 million people, the second largest number in Indonesia after Jabodetabek. Surabaya has Juanda International Airport, Tanjung Perak Port and Ujung Port. The name that is often called for the nickname Surabaya is the City of Heroes because its history is very calculated in the struggle to seize the independence of the Indonesian nation from the invaders. Surabaya itself is said to derive from the mythical story of the battle between sura shark and baya crocodile and eventually became the city of Surabaya. Read also Surabaya War Surabaya has been established since long time ago Historical evidence shows that Surabaya existed long before the colonial era, in 1358 AD in Trowulan I inscription. In the inscription it is stated that Surabaya Churabhaya is still a village on the banks of the Brantas river as an important crossroads along the Brantas river. In the book of Kertagama Country written by Mpu Prapanca which tells about the journey of Baginda Hayam Wuruk in 1365 in Pupil XVII the fifth stanza, the last line also mentions the city of Surabaya. Many historians deny it even though it has been written in Negarakertagama and Trowulan inscriptions they believe that Surabaya has existed long before. In his hypothesis Von Faber, Surabaya was founded in 1275 AD by King Kertanegara as a new settlement for his soldiers who succeeded in crushing the Kemuruhan revolt of 1270 AD Surabaya was formerly named Ujung Galuh, based on the alleged withdrawal by historians. Read also Cultural Imperialism in Indonesia Legend of Sura and Boyo Surabaya comes from the story of fighting life and death Duke of Jayengrono and Sawunggaling. After the defeat of Tar Tar army, Raden Wijaya established a palace in Ujung Galuh and awarded the authority of Duke of Jayengrono to lead the area. As time progresses Jayengrono becomes strong and increasingly independent so threatening Majapahit sovereignty. To conquer Jayengrono diutuslah Sawunggaling who mastered the science of Sura. The battle took place near Peneleh precisely at Kali Mas. For seven days and seven nights the battle took place tragically, both forced to die from exhaustion. Philosophically the word Surabaya’ is often defined as a battle between land and water, between land and water. There is also mention that the word Surabaya derived from the mythology of Suro and Boyo fish that raises the notion that the name of Surabaya there after the event of war between Suro and Boyo. Read also Historical Building in East Java Hujung Galuh is the former name of Surabaya Surabaya can not be separated from the original name Hujunggaluh, because the name change shows the existence of a motive. Motives can also indicate when the change took place. That Hujunggaluh is Surabaya which can now be researched and traced based on the meaning of his name, location and the meaning of his position in the state arena. Judging from the meaning, the name “Hujung” or the tip of the land that jutted into the sea, the cape, we can be sure this region is on the beach. “Galuh” means gold. In the Javanese language the goldsmith and silversmiths are called Wong grass or packs as listed in the Juynboll and Mardiwarsito dictionaries. In purbacaraka galuh is synonymous with silver. Hujunggaluh or Hujung Emas, can also be called Hujung Perak, and then become “Tanjung Perak” located at river mouth or Kali Kali Kalimas. Well, it could be Tanjung Perak now that’s what used to be called Hujung galuh. Read also Dances in East Java The former Surabaya before colonialism Initially Surabaya is only a village or rural on the banks of the river. Geographically it can be seen that Surabaya is an area that is near the sea and big river flow Brantas, with the child. The names of villages that still exist such as Kaliasin, Kaliwaron, Kalidami, Ketabangkali, Kalikepiting, Darmokali, and so on provide evidence that explains that the Surabaya area is a region that has many streams and streams. Surabaya was stunned by the beach, the area that became the flow of human traffic from various regions and regions. In 1612 Surabaya was already a bustling commercial airport. Surabaya as a port city has a very important function for the life of its people. At that time the river Kalimas is a river filled with boats sailing into remote parts of Surabaya. Surabaya, became the center of the Javanese meeting with people from outside the region. Many Portuguese traders bought spices from native traders. At that time, the city was used as a hoarder of goods under the power of Trunojoyo. Then to bring valuables from the interior, they use Kali Mas river as their transportation route. Surabaya During Islamic Kingdom It is said that Surabaya is the gate of Majapahit Kingdom whose estuary is in Kali Mas. On May 31, 1293 became the victory of Majapahit troops against the Mongol Empire of Kublai Khan’s envoy but on that date was made as the anniversary of Surabaya. The army of Raden Wijaya who came from land was symbolized as Baya crocodile or danger. Mongols who came from the sea were symbolized as Sura fish brave sharks. So if it is taken literally that is dare to face the danger that comes threatening. On the day of victory is commemorated as the anniversary of Surabaya. Also read History of Garuda Birds As the 15th century, the city of Islam Islam began to spread rapidly. Sunan Ampel which is one of the members of walisongo, he established mosque and boarding school in Ampel region. In 1530, Surabaya became part of the Sultanate of Demak. Surabaya became the main target of the conquest of the Sultanate of Mataram after the collapse of the Sultanate of Demak. Senopati troops stormed in 1598, severely assaulted by Panembahan Seda ing Krapyak in 1610, then attacked Sultan Agung in 1614. Read also Indonesian Islamic Art Museum The History of Surabaya During Dutch Colonialism Era Did you know that the name of Surabaya has existed since the Dutch East Indies? Since the colonial era the name of the city of Hero already exists and even the public has known him. The following will be explained in more detail about its history. Initially the city of Surabaya is the capital of the Residency of Surabaya in the Dutch East Indies precisely when the colonial in this country. The areas include the now Jombang, Sidoarjo, Gresik and Mojokerto. Only after 1905 Surabaya became a municipality or called Gemeente. And Surabaya finally served as the capital of East Java Province in 1926. Surabaya is growing very rapidly becoming the second largest modern city after Batavia or now known as Jakarta. In 1900 Surabaya was only centered around the Red Bridge but after the 1920s settlements developed such as Gubeng, Sawahan, Darmo and Ketabang. Only in 1917 facilities such as ports began to be established in this city. Those are the long history until now it is famous at Surabaya. For further explanation about Surabaya, you must see also the facts about Surabaya Indonesia. It is also one of recommended city to visit while you are in Indonesia. Tri Setiya An Indonesian. An amateur content writer.
6KFfM0.
  • zk9k2z3ixj.pages.dev/353
  • zk9k2z3ixj.pages.dev/180
  • zk9k2z3ixj.pages.dev/275
  • zk9k2z3ixj.pages.dev/424
  • zk9k2z3ixj.pages.dev/401
  • zk9k2z3ixj.pages.dev/169
  • zk9k2z3ixj.pages.dev/491
  • zk9k2z3ixj.pages.dev/290

    • the origin of surabaya